Expanding Male Contraception: A Fresh Look at Today's Options and Tomorrow's Innovations

Historically, contraception has centered on women, but a growing wave of research and demand is reshaping that narrative. At Second Spring Women’s Clinic, we’re seeing more men engage in conversations about reproductive health than ever before. Here’s what’s available today—and what’s on the horizon.

Established Male Contraceptive Methods

Vasectomy

A vasectomy is a minor surgical procedure that blocks or cuts the vas deferens, effectively preventing sperm from mixing with semen. Often chosen by men confident in not wanting more children, it's a reliable, long-term solution. While reversals are possible, success varies and should not be assumed.

Some men report peace of mind knowing they’ve taken a permanent step toward family planning, while others appreciate the low-maintenance nature of the procedure post-recovery. It's typically performed under local anesthesia, with most men resuming regular activity within a few days.

Condoms

The most accessible form of male birth control, condoms not only prevent pregnancy but also protect against sexually transmitted infections. However, typical-use effectiveness hovers around 87%, underscoring the need for consistency and proper use.

Modern condom options now include ultra-thin, textured, or even biodegradable variants, catering to different preferences. Still, many users cite a lack of spontaneity and reduced sensation as drawbacks, prompting interest in longer-acting alternatives.

Promising Developments in Male Birth Control

Male Contraceptive Injections

Injectables like RISUG (Reversible Inhibition of Sperm Under Guidance) and Vasalgel are gaining traction. These non-hormonal methods involve injecting a gel into the vas deferens, which temporarily disables sperm. Early trials suggest reversibility and few side effects, though they’re not yet FDA-approved.

In India, RISUG has advanced the furthest, with over 500 participants in human trials. Participants report minimal discomfort and satisfaction with the effectiveness and simplicity of the procedure. In the U.S., Vasalgel is preparing for wider trials.

Male Contraceptive Implants

Currently undergoing clinical trials, these subdermal implants release hormones to suppress sperm production. While not available to the public yet, their potential for long-acting, reversible contraception is attracting attention.

Researchers are exploring ways to optimize hormone dosage and minimize side effects. Some trial participants have reported temporary mood changes, while others praised the convenience of "set it and forget it" contraception.

Male Birth Control Pills

Experimental hormonal pills aim to suppress sperm production by regulating testosterone. While some early trials have shown promising results, safety, tolerability, and long-term effects are still under review.

A recent study published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism highlighted a compound known as DMAU (dimethandrolone undecanoate) as a leading candidate. Participants experienced a significant drop in sperm count with manageable side effects like slight weight gain and fatigue.

Understanding Hormonal vs. Non-Hormonal Options

Hormonal Approaches – These include pills and injections that manipulate testosterone levels to reduce sperm count. Common side effects include acne, mood swings, and lowered libido. Hormonal suppression requires consistent monitoring to avoid potential endocrine disruptions.

Non-Hormonal Approaches – RISUG and Vasalgel avoid altering hormones altogether. They focus on physically blocking sperm and are generally well-tolerated.

"What we hear from patients is a strong preference for non-hormonal methods due to fewer systemic side effects," says Dr. Seon-Hwa Jeong, reproductive health specialist at Second Spring.

Non-hormonal methods also carry potential benefits in terms of rapid reversibility and fewer contraindications, making them appealing to a broader patient base.

What’s Driving the Shift?

Many men are ready to share the contraceptive responsibility. According to recent studies, over 50% of surveyed men said they would consider a male contraceptive if it were safe and reversible. Culturally, the tides are turning toward shared reproductive decision-making.

Social narratives are evolving as more couples approach family planning collaboratively. Gender roles are less rigid, and men increasingly express interest in options that don't burden their partners exclusively. Educational campaigns, particularly in urban and younger demographics, have helped normalize this shift.

Real Stories, Real Change

Mark’s Vasectomy Journey "I didn’t want more kids, and I wanted to take some weight off my partner’s shoulders," says Mark, 39, who underwent a vasectomy last year. "The recovery was easier than I expected."

Andre’s Experience in a Clinical Trial Andre participated in a RISUG trial: "I liked the idea of a long-term, reversible solution that didn’t mess with my hormones. So far, so good."

Liam Tries Hormonal Pills Liam, 28, volunteered for a clinical trial testing hormonal pills. "There were a few ups and downs with energy and appetite, but overall, it felt manageable. My girlfriend and I appreciated having another option."

Navigating Side Effects and Safety

All emerging contraceptive methods undergo rigorous trials. Safety is a top priority, especially as researchers balance efficacy with quality of life. Clinics like Second Spring play a critical role by offering follow-up care, education, and support.

Adverse effects are typically mild and resolve once the contraceptive is stopped. For example, in hormonal trials, mood fluctuations and libido changes are the most cited side effects, but serious complications are rare. Non-hormonal candidates show even fewer systemic reactions.

Barriers and Breakthroughs

Despite innovation, some hurdles remain:

• Cultural Stigma – In many societies, contraception is still viewed as a woman’s duty.

• Access & Awareness – Not all men are aware of existing or emerging options.

• Clinical Availability – Most non-hormonal methods are still in testing phases.

Combatting these challenges requires a concerted effort from healthcare providers, public health campaigns, and policy advocates. In some countries, pilot programs are testing male contraception delivery through community health workers, aiming to destigmatize and democratize access.

Second Spring Women’s Clinic: Supporting Informed Choices

We believe contraceptive conversations should be inclusive. That’s why we welcome male patients seeking guidance on birth control. Our team offers:

• One-on-one consultations

• Transparent discussion of risks and benefits

• Updates on trial opportunities and new methods

Our approach is rooted in patient empowerment and respect for shared decision-making. We also provide multilingual support and culturally sensitive materials to ensure access for all communities.

Looking Ahead: What’s on the Horizon?

With continued investment and growing interest, we anticipate:

• Wider access to male contraceptive implants and pills within 5–10 years

• Regulatory approvals for non-hormonal methods like Vasalgel

• Shifting norms in family planning roles

Researchers around the globe—from the University of Washington to Indian Council of Medical Research—are pushing the envelope with groundbreaking studies. Animal trials for non-hormonal oral contraceptives have shown nearly 100% effectiveness, with human trials expected soon.

In addition, wearable technologies are being explored. One project involves thermal contraceptive devices that elevate scrotal temperature temporarily, disrupting sperm production safely and non-invasively.

Why It Matters: Equity, Empowerment, and Evolution

Expanding male contraceptive options isn’t just about biology—it’s about equity. More choices for men mean better balance in reproductive responsibilities, stronger relationships, and healthier families. It’s also a step toward dismantling the outdated notion that family planning rests solely on women.

Male contraception is not a luxury—it's a public health imperative. As policies catch up with science, men worldwide will soon be able to choose from a range of safe, effective, and user-friendly contraceptives tailored to their needs and values.